Composition and Working Principle of Tire Pressure Monitoring System

The tire pressure monitoring system is one of the essential safety systems of the automobile, and the composition and working principle of the system are described below.  

Composition of tire pressure monitoring system

The TPMS consists of two parts, one is an alarm (including a display screen, a wireless receiver and an alarm buzzer), and the other part is a tire pressure sensor. 

Most of the alarms are relatively simple , they can receive and display the air pressure data of four tires. Alarm needs to be connected to the power source on the car to supply power.

The sensor is installed on each wheel, with external and built-in two types. Although the appearance is small, it is embedded with air pressure detection device, wireless transmitting device and long life battery unit. When the car starts, the sensor installed to each tire will transmit the tire pressure data to the alarm through wireless signal. After the alarm receives the data, the tire pressure data will be analyzed and judged, and the tire pressure data will be displayed and warned according to the situation.

The tire pressure sensor is installed on four wheel wheels, which is responsible for measuring the pressure, temperature and battery voltage inside the tire, and sending the measured data to the tire pressure controller according to the fixed law. The driver can check the pressure and temperature of four tires through the display screen on the tire pressure controller. When the temperature, pressure or battery voltage of a tire exceeds the alarm threshold, the tire pressure controller can accurately identify the position of the tire and send out graphic sound and text alarm.

Working principle of Automobile Tire pressure Monitoring

The tire pressure monitoring device is generally divided into two types, one is the indirect tire pressure monitoring system, also known as WSB, which is to judge whether the tire is abnormal by the rotation speed difference of the tire. The other is a direct tire pressure monitoring system. By the four tire pressure monitoring sensors on the tire, the tire pressure and temperature are monitored automatically in real time, and the pressure and temperature of the tire are alerted in time to avoid traffic accidents caused by tire failure, so as to ensure the safety of driving.

Nowadays, most of the products on the market is direct tire pressure monitoring system, and direct tire pressure monitoring system is divided into embedded type and external type.

Direct tire pressure monitoring system:

The direct tire pressure monitoring device uses the pressure sensor installed in each tire to directly measure the tire pressure, uses the wireless transmitter to send the pressure information from the tire interior to the central receiver module, and then displays the tire pressure data. When the tire pressure is too low or air leakage occurs, the system will automatically alarm.

Indirect tire pressure monitoring system:

The working principle of indirect pressure monitoring is that when the pressure of a tire drops, the weight of the vehicle will reduce the rotation of the tire, resulting in faster speed than other wheels. The purpose of monitoring the tire pressure is achieved by comparing the rotational speed difference between the tires.